Common Wealth Economics for a Crowded Planet

Common Wealth Economics for a Crowded Planet The book â€Å"Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet† is written by Jeffrey Sachs, a famous economist from the Columbia University. His work is devoted to the economic problems of our planet and to the global issues in general. The author focuses on the existing threats for the global population in different spheres of life and presents various ways of improving the situation. In this book, both the environmental and human-caused problems are analyzed.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the author, there is a number of problems which need to be solved in the nearest future. These are overpopulation, poverty, irrational use of natural resources, unhealthy economy, urbanization, environmental crisis, climate change, etc. Sachs illustrates every issue with many considerable examples; what is more, the author gives th e diachronic evaluation of the issues, which means comparison of the situation throughout the flow of time. The main point of the book is showing that all the mentioned problems were caused by humans. The author even mentions the HIPPO term, which stands for the consequences of human activities: Habitat destruction, Invasive species, Pollution, Population increase, and Over-harvesting. Sachs outlines marine fisheries and various species of animals as those most badly affected by humans and proves that the climate change is also a result of human activities. In addition, one of the most important problems outlined by Sachs is proper organization of the world economy and international policy, as far s that the gap between the developed countries and the countries of the third world is expanding gradually. All the statements are supported by numerous statistical data, which makes the author very convincing. Sachs presents a number of solutions for the problems he defined. Firstly, he o ffers four possible policies which can reduce the harm caused to the environment. Among them is taxing the companies which pollute air and water. Secondly, the author describes carbon capture and sequestration or using hybrid cars as a way of preventing the climate change. Thirdly, Sachs points to the need of economizing the water resources. Next, the author mentions lowering the total fertility as a method of halting the population growth. Finally, few phases are presented for countries to go through in order to improve the economical situation in the world. In my opinion, all the raised issues and set goals are very objective and important. The author proved to be very inventive while presenting his ideas about how to overcome the global problems in all the spheres of human life. I liked the idea of abiding the Geneva Convention and the Convention of Biological Diversity, which will help to save the environment with its various species.Advertising Looking for report on bus iness economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another issue which is very important and is explained in details is overcoming the poverty traps. The author mentions the countries where the violent behavior and high crime level is caused by an extreme poverty. To fight such results, he offers public works projects, increase the number of educational establishments, increase the agriculture productivity etc. I think that these suggestions can and should be implemented in life and that they can serve as an instrument for developing both the healthy economy and healthy thinking of the nation. Besides the mentioned points, however, there are some ideas which seem to be either not realistic or not really helpful. For example, the general overpopulation of the Earth is caused mostly by the countries of the third world, where the demographic situation is uncontrolled by Government. Nowadays, however, many people in Europe, espec ially in developed countries like German prefer being sterilized to having children due to a set of reasons, such as career or dissatisfactory material state. That is why the idea of regulating the population growth seems to be irrational: while some countries indeed need this policy, others may need the reverse program to be implemented. Another issue which I found confusing is preventing the air pollution. Sachs mentions the mechanisms for collecting the carbon dioxide from smoke stacks or straight from the sky. In my point of view, this solution should be developed further, as the gathered substance also needs to be kept somewhere. So is there point in constructing the new buildings for keeping the carbon dioxide inside? In addition, what size should one of such buildings have to be able to keep even a daily amount of the substance produced by one factory? I think that this idea and its effectiveness are rather doubtful. Moreover, although the idea of global economy and cooperati on seems to be effective, Sachs did not take into consideration the fact that it still has to be governed by someone. Even if all the most powerful countries unite in order to help the poorer ones, they still would need a leader who would control their work. As a consequence, such policy can lead to international conflicts.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The book †Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet† by Sachs is an objective critical analysis of the current economical and social situation of the world. Unlike the other books related to the same issues, it is very global and complex. The author manages to cover all the burning issues of the modern world and stick to one fibula. What is more, Sachs doesn’t use any euphemisms to talk about the problems. Being extremely strict and confident, he sounds very convi ncing. This makes the book especially interesting for those who are eager to know the real economical and political situation of the world. All in all, Sachs does not only present a book on Economics, but also gives a detailed analysis of the existing world problems and tries to develop a plan for their solution.

A Beginners Guide to Using Nominalizations in Business Writing

A Beginner's Guide to Using Nominalizations in Business Writing As businesses become more international, so must our writing. Most of the time, good business writing skills transfer very well to global audiences, but there is some confusing vocabulary that global business writers should try to avoid. Avoiding nominalizations Nominalizations are nouns that refer to a process. As a quick reminder, a noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns are often found as the subject of the sentence: Efficiency is important. But they can also be found as: the object of a verb: This is my or the object of a preposition: Let’s go in the office. Nominalization itself is an example of a nominalization, but more common examples are words like evaporation, condensation, mechanization, and optimization. As you have probably noticed, they often end in –ation/-tion/-ition. These are the types of words often used in science or in highly specialized fields, and they make it easier for us to talk about our fields of expertise. However, they are often difficult to understand for native speakers outside of that field, never mind non-native speakers! So how can we avoid them? Since nominalizations are nouns that refer to a process, there is always a verb hidden inside each one. For example: evaporation – evaporate condensation – condense mechanization – mechanize optimization – optimize hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(41482, '39de76fa-b005-4d0a-9136-a9a423513681', {}); The easiest way to avoid using nominalizations is to rewrite the sentence using the verb of the same meaning. Here is an example: Heating water to the boiling point causes evaporation. vs. Heating water to the boiling point will cause it to evaporate. Even though the second sentence is longer, the use of â€Å"to evaporate† is much clearer for non-native and native speakers alike because the nominalization is less commonly used overall, and â€Å"to† usually alerts readers to a verb. Let’s look at another example, this time with a more involved rewrite: Optimization of our work force is a key goal of our company. vs. Our company wants to optimize our work force. In the first sentence, the actual agent (actor) is unclear – optimization is the subject of the sentence, but optimization doesn’t actually do anything. Our company will be doing the actual action. The revision in the second sentence is much clearer for two reasons: (1) the subject, our company, is the actual agent, and (2) the use of the verb, to optimize, is much easier to identify. As you can see, using nominalizations can lead to more complex writing and can be difficult to understand if the reader is outside the area of expertise. Using the verb hidden inside each nominalization will force you to write more clearly and be more direct. (In case you wondering what the verb hidden in nominalization is, it’s â€Å"nominalize† which means â€Å"to make into a noun.† Unfortunately, even this isn’t very clear, either!) Writing for a global audience is not so different from good business writing. Short, clear, direct sentences help your reader to respond in a timely manner. If you are looking to improve your writing, see our full list of business writing tips.Instructional Solutions offersNon-Native Business Writing WritingClassesfor participants for whom English is not a first language that willhelp youwrite better at work.

Module 1 Case NRF and NIMS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 1 Case NRF and NIMS - Essay Example Therefore, the public information and warning and planning has been given priority since they facilitate protection of life before the initiation the actual incident. The other capabilities meant to save life follow. Critical transportation is prioritized since it facilitates the access of the affected area. A situational analysis is done while the activities meant to save life follow consequently. The tenth core capability indicates that all the activities to save life must be coordinated accordingly. Other capabilities that follow environment protection relate to society restoration and rank last in terms of priority. First, government conducts activities meant to stop potential disasters. The government assesses potential risk, prioritize and take stern measures to prevent the occurrence of the event. Second, the government makes the people aware of the risk identified. The government informs the public on measures they should take to prevent the occurrence of the event. The government carries out activities to make the country secure against threats and natural disasters (Spicer, 2014). First, the government shares any protective information with the public and relays warning messages whenever necessary. Second, it carries out forensic investigations and interdict against any planned security threats. Third, the government conducts search to the suspects of the crime. Any activity carried out by the government meant to reduce the probability of loss. The universal core capabilities include planning, sharing information and coordinating activities. In addition, the government promotes community resilience (FEMA, 2015). It is the capacity of a community to identify risks and respond to it by reducing the impact. Moreover, the government identifies hazards and threats and later carries out a resilience activities. The government carries out the universal capabilities in the responses. Other ways that

Kano Model Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Kano Model Analysis - Research Paper Example The major drive has been â€Å"forces of globalization†, which have contributed towards a heightened awareness of the opportunities available for education globally (Morady & Siriner, 2011, p.35). In this sense, Institutions must remain aware of the issues that influence consumer choice of institutions of higher learning because there is a lot of competition for educational services. This is the reason why it is important to research the issues that influence the degree of satisfaction of students, who are the primary consumers of educational services, in the institutions. Structure of the Report This report carries a section that considers theories relevant to the study. It gives way to a discussion of the research method used in this project, its benefits and limitations. The next section concentrates on the findings of the project, which pave way for the concluding remarks, which include a set of recommendations. Chapter I - Theory The study of consumer satisfaction falls i n the same general academic field that includes behavioural sciences, human psychology and consumer sciences. As with many other academic disciplines, there is no consensus on a single definition of consumer satisfaction. Giese and Cote (2002) summarized three basic areas that most of the definitions of consumer satisfaction cover as follows, 1) Consumer satisfaction is a response (emotional or cognitive); 2) the response pertains to a particular focus (expectations, product, consumption experience, etc.); and 3) the response occurs at a particular time (after consumption, after choice, based on accumulated experience, etc) (p.1). This summary sufficed for the needs of this research project because it captured the issues that the project sought to... The study pave way for the following conclusions which aim at providing the managers of institutions of higher learning with the information they need to improve customer satisfaction in their premises. The paper also makes appropriate recommendations: 1. Students value good lighting in their lecture rooms hence the management should always ensure that buildings incorporate natural lighting. This will increase customer satisfaction in the facilities. 2. Management must resist the urge to increase the number of students in the classes because there is a significant association of comfortable sitting space with a satisfying experience in the lecture halls. 3. Apart from the necessary equipment for air conditioning, there is diminishing value in investing in sophisticated temperature control equipment. The perceived value of comfortable temperature diminishes soon after the environment is comfortable. In this sense, institutional managers should not spend anything more than is necessary for temperature control. 4. Background music does not add much value to the overall satisfaction of students. Institutions should therefore avoid investing in this service because it is not worth it. This research project focused on the conditions of the buildings and lecture halls. Therefore, it is incomplete as a measure of the overall satisfaction of students in higher education institutions. There is need for further research that will capture the indices relating to social services and service delivery to capture the full spectrum of issues that affect the satisfaction of students in the institutions of higher learning.

Dell Computers :: essays research papers

At age 13, Michael Dell was running a mail-order stamp-trading business, complete with a national catalog, and grossing $2,000 per month. At 16, he was selling subscriptions to the Houston Post. He enrolled at the University of Texas in 1983 as a premed student but soon became absorbed in computers and started selling PC parts out of his college dorm room. He bought random-access memory (RAM) chips and disk drives for IBM PCs at cost from IBM dealers, who often had excess supplies on hand because they were required to order large monthly quotas from IBM. Dell resold the components through newspaper ads at 10-15 percent below the regular retail price. By April 1984 sales were running about $80,000 per month. Dell dropped out of college and formed a company, PCs Ltd., to sell both PC components and PCs under the brand name PCs Limited. He obtained his PCs by buying retailers' surplus stocks at cost, then powering them up with graphics cards, hard disks, and memory before reselling them. His strategy was to sell directly to end users; by eliminating the retail markup, Dell's new company was able to sell IBM clones at about 40 percent below the price of an IBM PC. The price discounting strategy was successful, attracting price-conscious buyers and producing rapid growth. By 1985, the company was assembling its own PC designs with a few people. The company had 40 employees, and Michael Dell worked 18-hour days. By the end of fiscal 1986, sales had reached $33 million. During the next several years, however, PCs Ltd. was hampered by a lack of money, people, and resources. Michael Dell sought to refine the company's business model, add needed production capacity, and build a bigger, deeper management staff and corporate infrastructure while at the same time keeping costs low. The company was renamed Dell Computer in 1987, and the first international offices were opened that same year. In 1988 Dell added a sales force to serve large customers, began selling to government agencies, and became a public company ¡Xraising $34.2 million in its first offering of common stock. Sales to large customers quickly became the main part of Dell's business. By 1990 Dell Computer had sales of $388 million, a market share of 2-3 percent, and an R&D staff of over 150 people. Michael Dell's vision was for Dell Computer to become one of the top three PC companies.

Analysis on Causes and Symptoms of Job Stress in the Workplace

Job stress poses a significant threat to employee health and consequently to the health of an organization. This report will provide information on the causes of stress, the resulting symptoms, the consequences to employers, and the programs employers can implement to reduce the adverse effects of stress in the workplace. It is important for both employees and employers to recognize and understand stress and its causes. Often times employers confuse job challenges and job stressors. Most employees view a job challenge as a motivating factor, which enables them to grow within their positions. This motivation has the potential to produce positive results for both employees and employers. However, when challenges become demands, employees often resort to the fight or flight response of our primal ancestors. At the sight of a dangerous encounter, the hypothalamus sends a message to the adrenal glands and within seconds the heart is pumping at two or three times the normal speed, sending blood to the major muscle groups with soaring blood pressure. In most cases, the employee does not have the opportunity to fight or flee, and as a result the increased energy is internalized and over time manifests itself as stress. Stress is not an illness, however prolonged exposure to stressful conditions can increase the risk of injury or disease. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( ¡Ã‚ §NIOSH ¡), job stress can be defined as â€Å"the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the employee†. For instance, management style, interpersonal relationships, work roles, career concerns, work-life issues, sociocultural atmosphere, and environmental conditions may all be considered stressors. The following illustrations represent extreme cases, but a common thread between all of the examples is lack of communication, lack of resources, and lack of control. Typically, people are affected by an assortment of these stressors and at a variety of levels. Many employees suffer from stress caused by managers who expect results without establishing clear goals. An example would be an office head that is responsible for increasing profitability and decreasing overhead, without receiving a budget from the home office. At the end of the year, the office head's performance cannot be considered objectively. Consequently, his or her incentive compensation becomes subjective. Interpersonal Relationships In many organizations, workers have little decision-making power. For example, a customer service representative is responsible for fielding incoming calls. Inevitably, the calls are primarily from angry customers concerned about a late shipment. The representative has no control over the shipping department and in fact has virtually no communication with that department. After listening to the customer's complaints over a period of time, the representative has several suggestions which management could implement in the shipping department that may improve customer satisfaction. Unfortunately, management is not interested in the ideas of a customer service representative. And as a result, the representative is attacked daily by angry customers whose concerns could have been prevented. Work Roles Some employees suffer from stress caused by excess responsibility and a shortage of time. An example of which might be a salesperson who has a broad scope of responsibilities with little support and a full travel schedule. In many instances, the salesperson is unable to meet unrealistic reporting deadlines because of excessive travel. Career Concerns Other employees may stress about an impending reorganization and its potential consequences. For example, management hires a consulting firm to evaluate departmental effectiveness and profitability. The employees may feel that management views their work as substandard and is formulating a reduction in forces plan which could ultimately affect their jobs. Work-Life Issues Often workplace stress is caused by balancing personal and professional responsibilities. For example, a nurse who also has to care for an aging, dependant parent. Sociocultural Atmosphere Some employees are subjected to an atmosphere of gender bias and/or sexual harassment. For example, a woman works as a real estate broker, which is a male-dominated field. She is constantly subjected to sexual innuendo. She is even made to look incompetent in client meetings by her male counterparts who ask ridiculous and irrelevant questions. Environmental Conditions Employees are required to perform in adverse working conditions which often cause signs of stress. For instance, a mill worker is subjected to the constant humming of machines. Repeated exposure to stressful situations such as those mentioned above often cause symptoms such as difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbances, irritability, and boredom. Other warning signs may include upset stomach, job dissatisfaction, muscle tension, and low morale. Studies have shown that stress in the workplace has been linked to some of the leading causes of death, including heart disease, cancer, lung ailments, workplace accidents, cirrhosis, and suicide. According to the Encyclopedia of Occupational Safety and Health, studies suggest that psychologically demanding jobs which allow employees little control over work process increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is also widely believed that job stress produces an increased risk of back and upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. Furthermore, several studies suggest that a variety of mental health problems, from burnout to depression, have been linked to job stress. Although more studies are needed, it has become a mounting concern that on-the-job injuries are on the rise due to job related stress. According to the Journal of Occupations and Environmental Medicine, healthcare expenditures are nearly 50% greater for workers who report high levels of stress. Furthermore, the American Institute of Stress estimates that more than 75% of all doctor visits are for stress-related complaints or disorders. People also spent nearly $11 billion last year on stress management programs, products and services. Although stress poses a variety of health concerns to individuals, organizations also suffer its consequences. According to the National Safety Council, it is estimated that one million workers are absent on an average workday because of stress related complaints. Furthermore, to the American Institute of Stress reports that 40 percent of employee turnover is related to job tension. A study published in the Journal of Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, found that when workers are under stress, they tend to lose their group perspective and focus on their own personal goals to the detriment of their colleagues. In a study of 100 naval personnel, each three-member group was subjected to a decision-making task simulation under varying stressful conditions. As expected, those operating under the highest level of stress performed worse than those operating under normal circumstances. Furthermore, the study indicated that the higher the stress level, the subject acted from a more individual perspective, which ultimately deteriorated team performance. In addition, the 1995 Workers Compensation Yearbook reports: In 1960, a Michigan court upheld a compensation claim by an automotive assembly-line worker who had difficulty keeping up with the pressures of the production line. To avoid falling behind, he tried to work on several assemblies at the same time and often got parts mixed up. As a result, he was subjected to repeated criticism from the foreman. Eventually, he suffered psychological breakdown. By 1995, nearly one-half of the States allowed worker compensation claims for emotional disorders and disability due to stress on the job [note, however, that courts are reluctant to uphold claims for what can be considered ordinary working conditions or just hard work] (NIOSH). Given that job stress is estimated to cost U. S. industry $300 billion annually as assessed by absenteeism, diminished productivity, employee turnover, and consequently legal fees and insurance premiums, it is important for employers to implement programs that promote a low stress atmosphere in the workplace. The American Psychologists Association recommends the following organizational changes to help prevent job stress:    Other elements of a healthy company include open communication, employee involvement, health-enhancing work environments, community responsibility, and institutional fairness. Many companies have taken a variety steps to promote this type of atmosphere. For example, Harley-Davidson, the Milwaukee-based motorcycle manufacturer, implemented the use of work groups in its Capital Drive plant in 1995. Since then, there has been a â€Å"steady decline in worker's compensation claims† which resulted in higher profits for the company. According to John Gillard, president of PACE Local 7-0209, workers feel they have more control over their jobs because they have a voice in day-to-day operations. Honeywell offers employee assistance counselors and stress management classes. The Leo Burnett advertising agency in Chicago, has a on-site massage therapist once a week, while National Semiconductor of Santa Clara, California provides an on-site fitness center that offers yoga and karate among other things. While some companies suffer the consequences of stress in the workplace, others like Massachusetts based WFD, Inc. (â€Å"WFD†), profit from it. WFD offers innovative services that assist employers in facilitating the needs of their employees thereby producing measurable business results such as customer loyalty and satisfaction, revenues and profits and shareholder value. WFD's services include employee commitment audits, work-life strategy consulting, community investment and dependent care strategy consulting, and workplace flexibility consulting.

Essay on The Physics of a Toilet - 1526 Words

The Physics of a Toilet Almost everyone in America has used, is using at this very moment or will use a flushable, indoor toilet. Their privacy, and in some cases cleanliness, are taken for granted day by day. The basic physics of siphoning, and the right amount of water, makes the toilet operate in our desired fashion. This has been the concept of toilets for over 200 years. Some questions do come to mind when witnessing this event; how does the water and waste get sucked out of the toilet bowl? Why does the water get sucked out in a spinning motion? Does it matter which side of the hemisphere creates a certain trend of spin in the water? These phenomena are more common than one may think, these things happen through a variety†¦show more content†¦The bowl siphon is the one mechanism that makes the flushing feat possible. Its the gooseneck section leading from the toilet bowl to the sewage pipes. According to the online howstuffworks.com, the siphon is Any pipe, hose or tube that is used to move a liquid from a higher location to a lower location. The actual design of the siphon is dependent on the effect caused by it. The function also depends on the amount of water being transferred to the toilet bowl at one given moment. The tank of the toilet contains approximately 2 gallons (7.6 liters) of water, when all of that water is moved to the toilet bowl in a matter of seconds, all of the water going down the pipe creates the siphon effect, sucking everything out of the toilet. If I were to dump a cup of water, or 25 cups (6 liters) of water for that matter, it would not be enough to create the siphon effect. The water would only spill over in the mechanism and drain itself to be level with the highest point of the gooseneck bowl siphon. Doctor Louis A. Bloomfield, at the online site physicscentral.com, explains that the siphon effect works with the combination of water and gravity at their finest. H2O has its own variety of different potential energies. Gravitational potential energy is at work all night, all day, and every second in-between, while water has its own potential energy due to having either low or high-pressure. Waters total potential energy includes gravitational potentialShow MoreRelatedNewtons Laws of Motion858 Words   |  3 Pagesaction, there is an equal and opposite reaction (Newton’s Third Law). Another concept of Physics is moving water. For example, flushing the toilet, waterfalls and dams. Flushing a toilet is a great example of transferring energy. Usually on most toilets there is tan on the back of it filled with water. Water that is stored is a great example of potential energy and no kinetic energy. Once toilet is flushed, it gives the water momentum. From waterfalls and dams we can produce hydropowerRead MorePhysics : Physics On Daily Activities1849 Words   |  8 PagesDate: 10/19/14 Physics in your Daily Activities The laws of physics have a significant impact in our daily lives. However, many people aren’t even aware of how physics impacts their lives. As the semester progresses, I have begun to notice the critical role physics play within my life. A few aspects of physics that I’ve noticed in my life are motion, dimensions, vectors, and displacement. Ultimately, physics is constantly acting around us. There are many examples that involve physics such as automobilesRead MorePersonal Statement : Mechanical Engineering Degree1324 Words   |  6 Pagesgood fit for me because it coincides with my many interests, abilities, and personality. My development of interest for wanting to become an engineer started from the beginning. 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He was the Godson of Queen Elizabeth I. Harington invented a valve that when pulled would release water from a water closet. Sir John recommended flushing the toilet once or twice a day. Rumor has it that, in Robin Hood’s day, King Arthur was angry with how his brother ruled while he was gone, and name the toilet â€Å"the John†. The submarine was invented in 1624 by Corneliuos van Drebbel. However, LeonardoRead MoreThe Power of Green Technology Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagesdesigned to possibly overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit of 31 to-41% for single solar cells. The Shockley-Queisser limit refers to the maximum theoretical efficiency of a solar cell using a p-n junction to collect power from the cell (â€Å"Applied Physics† 14). These new third generation solar cells are projected to be able to reach efficiencies up to 65%, and are considered to be much more cost-efficient; being more accessible to the general public having less of a price tag (â€Å"Third Generation Photovoltaics†)Read MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test1166 Words   |  5 Pagessetting and have more meaningful conversations. Also, many times when I’m around people around the clock for a long period of time, I need time to recharge. For example on our band trip sophomore year to New York City, I was only a lone to use the toilet. Afterwards, I needed to recuperate for days on end, just because all of the social interaction kept me on edge all the time. Eventually it just wore me down to the point where I needed to simply be alone for a while. The second letter, N, stands